JCWorld Wikia:Lesson 2 Political Theories

Realism

 * The state is key to international politics. Politicians have to calculate what is the best for the states.
 * The state needed complete authority for defense. States are greedy an only represent, so violence was sometimes necessary to keep stabilize power inevitable.
 * Humans are naturally selfish, violent, fight, and start wars.
 * "The ends (results) justify the means (action)"
 * The most dominant theory which has a long tradition in European politics.
 * according to Rousseau, Man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains.
 * It emerged after WWⅡ as a response to idealism.

Liberalism

 * It believes that hu man are good natured beings and usually is criticized for being idealistic.
 * Its core ideals stress individualism, human rights, universality, freedom from authority, right to be treated equally under the protection of law and duty to respect and treat others as “ethical subjects” as well as freedom for social action. One particular brand of liberalism, which is known as liberal institutionalism came into prominence after the First World War was the establishment of the League of Nations.


 * According to Stanley Hoffmann, the essence of Liberalism is self-restraint, compromise, moderation and peace


 * According to Bentham, It is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is the measure of right and wrong.(utilitarianism)


 * Causes of w ar lib eralism　→　imperialism, bad balance of power, undemocratic re gime


 * Neo-liberalism →　liberalism + realist(anarchy)+promoting free trade

Marxist theory

 * Nature of society is unfair; rich people get richer from the hard work of poor people.
 * Societies hav e always had struggles between different classes. Marxist viewed society as being separated by class.
 * History was believed to be largely determined by the struggle between the ruling classes and the oppressed classes, which had conflicting interests. If workers could overthrow capitalism, they would be able to build a socialist society in which social classes will still exist but for the first time in human history - the ruling class would be the majority of the population.

Images


Quotes
“Karl Marx was right, socialism works, it is just that he had the wrong species” ― Edward O. Wilson, The Ants

“The Marxians love of democratic institutions was a stratagem only, a pious fraud for the deception of the masses. Within a socialist community there is no room left for freedom.” ― Ludwig von Mise

“Without Revolutionary theory, there can be no Revolutionary Movement.” ― Vladimir Lenin

“Liberals claim to want to give a hearing to other views, but then are shocked and offended to discover that there are other views.” ― William F. Buckley Jr.

“Only the dead have seen the end of war” – Plato

Religion is the opiate(drug) of the masses(people). Religion could stopped the working class from seeing the truth; get away from reality.

Links
http://www.slideshare.net/a.dekaltchouk/lecture1-realism-and-liberalism-43859211

http://www.e-ir.info/2012/02/19/realism-liberalism-and-the-possibilities-of-peace/